The Frascati Manual 1993: The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activies : Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Book

In June, 1963, at the Villa Falconieri in Frascati, Italy, the OECD held a meeting of national experts on R&D statistics. The fruit of their labors was the first official version of the "Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Development," better known as the "Frascati Manual." The "Frascati Manual," Fifth Edition, comprises the basic international sources of methodology for collecting and using research and development statistics. It helps decipher science and technology problems by analyzing national systems of innovation. The structure of national science and technology systems have changed and international classifications have been revised and incorporated into this edition which recommends the use of more detailed categories to facilitate tracing R&D globalization and provides more precise instructions for identifying government support to R&D. Attention is paid to measuring defense and environmental R&D and guidelines are included for measuring the R&D content of software development activities.Read More