The Victory of Reason: How Christianity Led to Freedom, Capitalism, and Western Success Book

Many books have been written about the success of the West, analyzing why Europe was able to pull ahead of the rest of the world by the end of the Middle Ages. The most common explanations cite the Westâ??s superior geography, commerce, and technology. Completely overlooked is the fact that faith in reason, rooted in Christianityâ??s commitment to rational theology, made all these developments possible. Simply put, the conventional wisdom that Western success depended upon overcoming religious barriers to progress is utter nonsense.In The Victory of Reason, Rodney Stark advances a revolutionary, controversial, and long overdue idea: that Christianity and its related institutions are, in fact, directly responsible for the most significant intellectual, political, scientific, and economic breakthroughs of the past millennium. In Starkâ??s view, what has propelled the West is not the tension between secular and nonsecular society, nor the pitting of science and the humanities against religious belief. Christian theology, Stark asserts, is the very font of reason: While the worldâ??s other great belief systems emphasized mystery, obedience, or introspection, Christianity alone embraced logic and reason as the path toward enlightenment, freedom, and progress. That is what made all the difference.In explaining the Westâ??s dominance, Stark convincingly debunks long-accepted â??truths.â? For instance, by contending that capitalism thrived centuries before there was a Protestant work ethicâ??or even Protestantsâ??he counters the notion that the Protestant work ethic was responsible for kicking capitalism into overdrive. In the fifth century, Stark notes, Saint Augustine celebrated theological and material progress and the institution of â??exuberant invention.â? By contrast, long before Augustine, Aristotle had condemned commercial trade as â??inconsistent with human virtueâ?â??which helps further underscore that Augustineâ??s times were not the Dark Ages but the incubator for the Westâ??s future glories. This is a sweeping, multifaceted survey that takes readers from the Old World to the New, from the past to the present, overturning along the way not only centuries of prejudiced scholarship but the antireligious bias of our own time. The Victory of Reason proves that what we most admire about our worldâ??scientific progress, democratic rule, free commerceâ??is largely due to Christianity, through which we are all inheritors of this grand tradition.Read More